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It
is rumored that our Horner line can be connected directly to the naval hero,
John Paul Jones.
William Penn,
the founder of Pennsylvania, was the son of Sir William Penn, a
distinguished English Admiral. He was born in 1644. His boyhood was
marked by a combination of pietism with a strong interest in athletics,
and he was expelled from Oxford for nonconformity. After leaving the
University he traveled on the Continent, served in the navy, and studied
law. In 1667 he became a Quaker, and in the next year he was committed
to the Tower for an attack on the orthodoxy of the day. During his
imprisonment he wrote his well-known treatise on self-sacrifice, "No
Cross, No Crown"; and after his release he suffered from time to time
renewed imprisonments, until he finally turned his attention to America
as a possible refuge for the persecuted Friends. In 1682 he obtained a
charter creating him proprietor and governor of East New Jersey and
Pennsylvania, and, after drawing up a constitution for the colony on the
basis of religious toleration, he sailed for his new province. After two
years, during which the population of the colony grew rapidly through
emigration from Germany, Holland, and Scandinavia, as well as Great
Britain, he returned to England, where his consultations with James II,
whom he believed to be sincere in his professions of toleration, led to
much misunderstanding of his motives and character. At the Revolution of
1688 he was treated as a Jacobite (loyal to King James I), but finally
obtained the good - will of William III, and resumed his preaching and
writing. In 1699 he again came to America, this time with the intention
of remaining; but two years later he went home to oppose the proposal to
convert his province into a crown colony. Queen Anne received him
favorably, and he remained in England till his death in 1718.
Penn's
voluminous writings are largely controversial, and often concerned with
issues no longer vital. But his interpretation and defense of Quaker
doctrine remain important; and the "Fruits of Solitude," here printed,
is a mine of pithy comment upon human life, which combines with the
acute common sense of Franklin the spiritual elevation of Woolman.
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William Penn
1644-1718
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